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和中国中学生卫星近地点一样200多公里的还有比它早8天的日本科研卫星
送交者:  2017年01月03日00:32:59 于 [世界军事论坛] 发送悄悄话

Epsilon rocket launches Japanese ERG mission

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Japan’s Epsilon rocket conducted its second flight Tuesday, orbiting JAXA’s ERG satellite to study Earth’s radiation belts. Liftoff from the Uchinoura Space Centre was on schedule at 20:00 local time (11:00 UTC), the opening of what was an hour-long launch window.

Epsilon-2 Mission:

The Exploration of Energisation and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) mission will be operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), studying Earth’s magnetosphere.

Also known as SPRINT-B, ERG is a 365-kilogram (805 lb) satellite based on JAXA’s SPRINT bus, which was demonstrated by 2013’s Hisaki – or SPRINT-A – mission. The spacecraft measures 1.5 by 1.5 by 2.7 meters (4.9 x 4.9 x 8.9 feet) in its launch configuration.

Once in orbit, ERG will deploy its instrument booms and solar arrays. With a span of 6.0 meters (19.7 feet) along the satellite’s x-axis and 5.2 m (17.1 ft) meters along its y-axis, the solar panels will generate over 700 watts of power for the spacecraft’s systems and instruments.

Following initial operation and testing, ERG is expected to operate for at least a year.

The ERG satellite carries instruments dedicated to the study of plasma, particles, waves and fields in Earth’s radiation belts.

Earth’s radiation belts were discovered by James Van Allen’s experiments aboard the first US satellite, Explorer 1, in 1958 although their existence had previously been theorized by other scientists. As a result, the belts are known as the Van Allen belts.

Earth has two permanent radiation belts, the inner and outer Van Allen belts, although NASA’s Van Allen Probes, or Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP), which were launched in August 2012, showed that a third belt can form and dissipate.

ERG will join NASA’s two Van Allen Probes and three earlier Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions During Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft in making in-situ observations of the Van Allen belts. These will be joined by the UA Air Force Research Laboratory’s DSX satellite, currently scheduled for launch aboard SpaceX’s Falcon Heavy rocket next year.

ERG’s Plasma and Particle Experiment (PPE) instrument suite consists of electron and ion mass analyzers. The Low Energy Particle Experiments – Electron Analyser (LEP-e), Medium Energy Particle Experiments – Electron Analyser (MEP-e), High Energy Electron Experiments (HEP) and Extremely High Energy Electron Experiments (XEP) instruments will study electrons at increasing energies between 10 electronvolts and 20 megaelectronvolts.

Low Energy Particle Experiments – Ion Mass Analyser (LEP-i) and Medium Energy Particle Experiments – Ion Mass Analyser (MEP-i) are mass spectrometers which will be used to study the different types of ions present in ERG’s environment.

The Plasma Wave Experiment (PWE) will measure the Earth’s electric and magnetic fields as the satellite passes through them, up to frequencies of 10 megahertz and 100 kilohertz respectively.

This will be complimented by the Software-Type Wave Particle Interaction Analyser (S-WPIA), software aboard ERG’s computer systems, will attempt to quantify energy transferred between waves and electrons through the spacecraft’s observations of plasma waves and particles.

ERG launched atop JAXA’s solid-fuelled Epsilon rocket, which made its first flight in September 2013 and has not flown since.

A replacement for the earlier M-V rocket, which retired in September 2006, Epsilon is designed to provide a ride to orbit for Japan’s smaller satellites. Epsilon uses an SRB-A3 motor – used as a strap-on booster on the larger H-IIA and H-IIB rockets – as its first stage with upper stages derived from the M-V.

Epsilon launches from the Uchinoura – formerly Kagoshima – Space Centre, using the same launch pad from which the M-V flew.

Also used by earlier members of the Mu family of rockets – of which the M-V was the final member – the complex was originally constructed in the 1960s.

It consists of an assembly tower with the rocket mounted upon a movable launcher platform which is rotated into position ahead of launch. This was originally built as a rail launcher for the Mu series, however a pedestal has been added for Epsilon with the former support structure for the rail serving as an umbilical tower.

Tuesday’s launch was the first flight of the operational or “Enhanced Epsilon” configuration, introducing improvements to the upper stages over those used on the maiden flight.

The vehicle has been described as “Epsilon-2”, however it is presently unclear whether this name refers to the enhanced configuration, or to Tuesday’s launch being Epsilon’s second flight.

Epsilon’s launch began with first stage ignition and liftoff, when the countdown reached zero. The rocket flew in a south-easterly direction, along an azimuth of 100 degrees. Its first stage burned for 109 seconds, accelerating the vehicle to a velocity of 2.5 kilometers per second (5,600 mph). At burnout, Epsilon was at an altitude of 71 kilometers (44 miles, 38 nautical miles) and 75 kilometers (47 miles, 40 nautical miles) downrange.

After the end of the first stage burn, Epsilon entered a coast phase as it ascends into space. Around 41 seconds after burnout, at an altitude of 115 kilometers (71.5 miles, 62.1 nautical miles), the payload fairing separated from the nose of the rocket. Eleven seconds later the spent first stage was jettisoned.

Epsilon-2 had an M-35 second stage, in place of the M-34c used on the maiden flight. The new stage is larger than its predecessor and has a fixed nozzle instead of the extendible nozzle used on the M-34c. The M-35 generates 445 kilonewtons of thrust, an increase from the 327 kilonewtons generated by the M-34c, and burns for fifteen seconds longer.

The second stage ignited four seconds after first stage separation, burning for two minutes and eight seconds.

A second coast phase took place between second stage burnout and third stage ignition. One minute and forty-five seconds after burning out, the second stage separated with the third stage igniting four seconds later. During the coast phase the third stage was spun-up; spin-stabilisation was used to help it maintain attitude during its burn.

For Tuesday’s launch the third stage was also been upgraded, with Epsilon-2 using a KM-V2c instead of the KM-V2b that flew on the 2013 launch. This uses a fixed nozzle instead of an extendible one, but has no significant difference in performance. The third stage will burn for about 89 seconds.

Epsilon can fly with a liquid-fuelled fourth stage, the Compact Liquid Propulsion System (CLPS), which was used on its first launch. This is not required for Tuesday’s launch, so instead the rocket flew in its all-solid three-stage configuration for the first time.

Spacecraft separation occurred thirteen minutes and twenty-seven seconds after liftoff; five minutes and sixteen seconds after third stage burnout.

Tuesday’s launch was targeting an elliptical orbit with a perigee – the point closest to Earth – of 219 kilometers (136 miles, 118 nautical miles) and an apogee – or highest point – of 33,200 kilometers (20,600 miles, 17,900 nautical miles).

The orbit will have inclination of 31.4 degrees to the equator, with the satellite taking about 580 minutes – or 9.7 hours – to complete one revolution.

Tuesday’s launch was Japan’s fourth and last of 2016, following H-IIA missions in February and November which deployed the Hitomi observatory and the Himawari 9 weather satellite – and an H-IIB launch earlier this month with the Kounotori 6 spacecraft to resupply the International Space Station.

Japan’s next launch, currently scheduled for 11 January, will be an experimental flight which aims to use a modified SS-520 sounding rocket to orbit a single three-unit CubeSat. An H-IIA launch carrying the DSN-2 communications satellite is also scheduled for January.

The next Epsilon launch will carry the ASNARO-2 experimental radar imaging satellite. This is expected to occur during Japan’s 2017 financial year, which begins on 1 April.


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    也就是说达不到六个月的设计要求。间接证明了未很好入轨  /无内容 - Ruofei_Ling 01/03/17 (474)
      哪里说了6个月寿命?似乎没有光电板,6个月电池寿命不可思议  /无内容 - 教兽 01/03/17 (537)
        至少180天是官方早公布过的。详细报道请见以下链接: - 驭风 01/03/17 (539)
        也许:(电源) - 黑木崖 01/03/17 (722)
          多谢!可以肯定发射出了问题  /无内容 - 教兽 01/03/17 (494)
            是出问题,一级提前关机,二级帮了一点,仍不到位。  /无内容 - 黑木崖 01/03/17 (540)
        链接 - Ruofei_Ling 01/03/17 (552)
          连接是死的。不过狗到新华网的。可以肯定发射出问题了 - 教兽 01/03/17 (838)
    根据发射保险合同,最低剩余燃料7.87Kg以覆盖 - Ruofei_Ling 01/03/17 (608)
      保险合同内容 - Ruofei_Ling 01/03/17 (816)
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5 闂傚倸鍊风粈浣割嚕閸洖鍨傞柣銏⑶归弰銉╂煏韫囧鐏紒鈧崘顔界厽闁挎繂鎳愬ḿ锟犳煟閹邦剦鍤熼柍缁樻⒐閵囧嫰骞樼捄杞版勃缂備礁鍊稿ú顓㈠蓟閵堝憛褔宕惰婵洖鈹戦埥鍡椾簴闁稿﹥娲熼崺銏ゅ籍閸繂宓嗛梺鏂ユ櫅閸熶即濡堕鈧娲箹閻愭彃顬堝銈嗗灥鐎氼噣骞忚ぐ鎺撳亜閻忓繋鐒﹂~宥夋⒑閸撴彃浜剧紒韫矙閹顢橀悜鍡欏數闁荤姳娴囬~澶屸偓姘炬嫹 eastwest
6 闂傚倷绀侀幉锟犮€冮崱妤婄唵婵☆垰鐨烽崑鎾舵喆閸曨偀鏋欏Δ鐘靛仦閹瑰洭鐛崶顒夋晬闁挎繂鎳忛弳銉︾節濞堝灝鏋熼柨鏇樺灲瀵煡鎳犻鍌欑瑝濠电偛妫欓崹鍫曞窗閸℃稒鐓ユ繝闈涙閸e綊鏌$€Q冧壕闂備礁鎼ˇ顖炴偋韫囨稑绠犻柟鐐湽閳ь剙鍊挎俊鎼佸煛閸屾瀚芥俊鐐€栧ú宥夊磻閹炬番浜滈柨婵嗗閻瑩鏌℃担鍝バゅù鐙呯畵楠炲棜顦村ù婊庡灦閺岋綁鎮╂潏鈺冪摌闂佺懓鍤栭幏锟� eastwest
7 闂傚倷绀侀幖顐︽偋閸愵喖纾婚柟鍓х帛閻撴盯鏌涚仦鍓ф噧鐎规挸妫濋弻娑欐償閳藉棗娈剁紓浣介哺閹瑰洤顕f禒瀣垫晝闁靛繆鏅滃В澶娾攽閻愭潙鐏︽慨濠傛贡閹广垽宕掗悙鑼槹闂佸憡鎸嗛崨顕嗙础闁荤喐绮岀粔鎾敊韫囨梻绡€婵﹩鍓涢悡鎴︽⒑閻撳簺鍋㈡い銈呭€垮畷鐢告晝閸屾稓鍘搁梺鍓插亽閸嬪嫭鏅堕崜褏纾奸弶鍫涘妿缁犳挻銇勯弴顏嗙М鐎规洦鍋婂畷鐔碱敃閻旈潻绱� eastwest
8 缂傚倸鍊风粈渚€鎯岄崒婊呯=婵﹢顤傞弫鍡涙煥閻曞倹瀚�3000闂傚倷绀侀幖顐︽偋閸愵喖纾婚柟鍓х帛閻撴盯鏌涚仦鍓ф噧鐎规挸妫欓妵鍕Ψ椤栨粍鍋ч梺璇″枟婢瑰棙绂掗敃鍌涘殟闁靛/灞剧柈 zt eastwest
9 闂備礁鎼ˇ顐﹀疾濠婂牊鍋¢柕澶嗘櫓閺佸﹦鈧箍鍎遍ˇ顖炴儗濡ゅ啠鍋撻獮鍨姎闁瑰啿娴锋竟鏇㈠垂椤旇鏂€濡炪倖鐗楃粙鎴犵箔閸屾粎纾界€广儱鎷嬮崕鏃堟煛娴e摜孝闁伙絾绻堝畷鐔碱敇閻橀潧甯掓繝鐢靛仜閻°劎鍒掗敐澶婄闁跨噦鎷� zt eastwest
10 婵犵數鍎戠徊钘壝洪妶鍥e亾濮樼厧澧撮柟顔诲嵆閹垽宕楅悡搴濆嚱闂備胶纭堕崜婵婃懌闂佽绻戦崝鏇㈡箒闂佺粯鎸搁崙浠嬪绩缂佹ḿ绡€闁逞屽墴瀵挳濮€閻橀潧鎽嬮梻浣筋嚃閸ㄥ酣宕ㄩ銈囧垱闂傚倷绶氬Λ璺ㄦ椤曗偓楠炲繘鏁撻敓锟�-35闂傚倷娴囬妴鈧柛瀣崌濮婃椽顢曢敐鍥e闁诲孩淇哄▍鏇㈠箞閵娿儮鏀介柟鐐綑椤忥拷-10 eastwest
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