罗金专栏文章公开民航局的信件

    White House calls China’s threats to airlines ‘Orwellian nonsense’

Josh Rogin is a columnist for the Global Opinions section of The Washington Post. He writes about foreign policy and national security. Rogin is also a political analyst for CNN. He previously worked for Bloomberg View, the Daily Beast, Foreign Policy, Congressional Quarterly, Federal Computer Week and Japan's Asahi Shimbun newspaper. 

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By Josh Rogin May 5 Email the author

In the long strategic struggle between the United States and China, one key issue is whether the Chinese Communist Party will be able to force Americans to do what it says, especially American companies. Now, the Chinese government is threatening to impose a version of its “social credit score” system on international airlines, with steep punishments unless they acquiesce to Beijing’s political demands. The Trump administration has decided to tell China that that is not going to fly.

On April 25, the Chinese government sent dozens of international airlines a written threat of severe punishments if they don’t change their websites to declare that Taiwan is part of China, among other things. I have obtained a copy of the letter. White House press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders is set to release a press statement calling the Chinese government’s threats “political correctness” run amok.

“This is Orwellian nonsense and part of a growing trend by the Chinese Communist Party to impose its political views on American citizens and private companies,” the statement reads. “China’s internal Internet repression is world-famous. China’s efforts to export its censorship and political correctness to Americans and the rest of the free world will be resisted.”

The White House statement is the strongest U.S. government rebuke to date of China’s increased pressure on foreign companies to toe the Chinese Communist Party line. In recent months, Marriott Hotels and Mercedes-Benz both folded to Chinese government pressure and removed online content related to Tibet. Marriott even fired an American worker for “liking” a tweet by a pro-Tibet group.

The letter from China’s Civil Aviation Administration says that on Feb. 27, the Chinese government asked each airline to investigate its websites and remove any references to Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau that “mistakenly describe them as countries or anything otherwise inconsistent with Chinese law.”

The version of the letter I obtained was addressed to United Airlines and said the Chinese government found “there still exists violations of Chinese laws and contradictions to the one China policy of your government.” The Chinese government demanded United change its website so that “Taiwan shall be called ‘Chinese Taiwan’ or ‘Taiwan: province/region of China.’”

Taiwan must be included in any map of China on its website and United must use the same color on the website for mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, the letter stated. Taiwan cannot be listed as a country alongside China. Taiwan destinations must not be classified as being in Southeast Asia but must be put in the same category as China on the website.

If United doesn’t comply by May 25, the Chinese government will invoke “Civil Aviation Industry Credit Management Trial Measures” and “make a record of your company’s serious dishonesty and take disciplinary actions against your company,” the letter states. The Civil Aviation Administration will also “transfer your company’s violation of Chinese laws to the National Cyber Information Office and other law enforcement agencies to take administrative penalties according to law.”

That reference to “Civil Industry Credit Management” is citing a trial regulation on credit scoring in the aviation industry, and the letter claims United’s labeling of Taiwan is equal to “serious dishonesty” under that regulation, said Samantha Hoffman, visiting fellow at the Mercator Institute for China Studies.

“China’s domestic law, in this case on civil aviation credit and cybersecurity, allow China to extend something like ‘social credit’ beyond its own borders,” she said. “It demonstrates why any interpretation of the social credit system must be placed in the context of China’s definitions of state security. And state security is about protecting the Chinese Communist Party above all else.”

Moreover, the Chinese letter mischaracterizes U.S. government policy by saying “the one-China policy of your government.” The United States does not have a one-China policy. Washington acknowledges Beijing’s position that there is one China that includes Taiwan and the United States takes no stance on that question. The U.S. government is not going to agree that Taiwan is part of the People’s Republic of China, and neither should American companies.

The White House statement defends the principle that American private companies must have freedom in their interactions with their customers and not be pressured into taking the political positions of an authoritarian foreign power.

“The United States strongly objects to China’s attempts to compel private firms to use specific language of a political nature in their publicly available content,” the White House statement says. “We call on China to stop threatening and coercing American carriers and citizens.”

This is one more example of the Trump’s administration’s continuing shift toward a more assertive stance, said Peter Mattis, a former U.S. intelligence analyst on China. But American businesses have yet to stand up to Chinese pressure and interference. United declined to comment. Delta Air Lines and British Airways have already partially succumbed to the Chinese demands.

“The danger is less the squeeze on Taiwan and more the clear proof that China’s social management system will be used to condition companies and people outside China to align behind the party’s positions,” said Mattis. “The cost of doing business has been raised.”

The Chinese Communist Party can be forgiven for believing it can use a version of its social credit system on American companies. Nobody has pushed back on this so far. The White House is pledging to start doing that now. It’s a recognition that, as a White House official told me, “China is out of control.”

谷歌同学译文：

在美国和中国长期的战略斗争中，关键问题是中国共产党是否能够迫使美国人做到这一点，特别是美国公司。现在，中国政府威胁要对国际航空公司实施一个“社会信用评分”制度，除非他们默认北京的政治要求，否则将受到严厉的惩罚。特朗普政府决定告诉中国，这是不会飞的。

4月25日，中国政府向数十家国际航空公司发出书面严厉惩罚威胁，如果他们不改变他们的网站宣称台湾是中国的一部分，等等。我已经得到了这封信的副本。白宫新闻秘书萨拉赫卡比桑德斯将发布新闻声明，称中国政府的威胁“政治正确”横行。

“这是奥威尔式的废话，也是中国共产党将其政治观点强加给美国公民和私营公司的一个增长趋势的一部分，”声明写道。 “中国内部的互联网压制是世界闻名的。中国向美国人和其他自由世界出口其审查制度和政治正确性的努力将受到抵制。“

白宫发表的声明是美国政府迄今为止对中国加大对外国公司施压中共线路的压力的斥责。近几个月来，万豪酒店和梅赛德斯 - 奔驰都折服了中国政府的压力，并删除了与西藏有关的在线内容。万豪甚至解雇了一名美国工作人员，因为他们喜欢亲西藏集团的推特。

中国民航总局的信函称，中国政府2月27日要求各航空公司调查其网站，并删除对台湾，香港和澳门的任何提及“错误地将其描述为国家或与中国法律不一致的任何内容。 ”

我收到的信是给联合航空公司的，并表示中国政府认为“中国的法律和矛盾仍然存在，违反了贵国政府的一个中国政策”。中国政府要求美国改变其网站，以便“台湾称为“中国台湾”或“台湾：中国的省/地区”。“

信中指出，台湾必须在其网站上的中国地图中包含，而美国必须在中国大陆，台湾，香港和澳门的网站上使用相同的颜色。台湾不能被列为与中国并列的国家。台湾目的地不得划入东南亚，而必须在网站上与中国划为同一类别。

该信称，如果美国联邦政府在5月25日之前不遵守规定，中国政府将援引“民航业信用管理试行办法”，并“记录贵公司严重不诚实行为并对贵公司采取纪律处分措施”。民航总局也将“将贵公司违反中国法律的行为转移给国家网络信息办公室和其他执法机构，依法给予行政处罚。”

对“民用工业信用管理”的提及引用航空业信用评分的试验条例，信中称美国对台湾的标签等同于该条例下的“严重不诚实”，萨姆莎哈夫曼说，他是墨卡托访问学者中国研究所。

她说：“中国的国内法，就民航信用和网络安全而言，允许中国将”社会信用“扩展到超越自己的边界。 “这证明了为什么社会信用体系的任何解释必须放在中国国家安全定义的背景下。国家安全关乎保护中国共产党高于一切。“

而且，中国的这封信误用美国政府的政策说“你们的政府的一个中国政策”。美国没有一个中国的政策。华盛顿承认北京的立场是，包括台湾和美国在内的一个中国不会在这个问题上采取立场。美国政府不会同意台湾是中华人民共和国的一部分，美国公司也不应该。

白宫发表的声明捍卫美国私营公司必须在与客户互动方面有自由的原则，而不是被迫采取专制外国势力的政治立场。

“美国强烈反对中国试图迫使私营公司在其公开的内容中使用具体的政治性语言，”白宫声明说。 “我们呼吁中国停止威胁和强迫美国的航空公司和公民。”

前美国情报分析师彼得马蒂斯说，这是特朗普政府继续向更加自信的立场转变的又一例证。 但美国企业还没有经受住中国人的压力和干涉。 美国拒绝发表评论。 达美航空和英国航空已经部分屈服于中国的需求。

马蒂斯说：“危险不在于对台湾的挤压，更多的是明确证明中国的社会管理体系将被用于限制中国以外的公司和人员参与党的立场。” “做生意的成本已经提高。”

中国共产党可以相信它可以使用美国公司的社会信用体系。 到目前为止没有人推迟这一点。 白宫承诺现在就开始这样做。 正如白宫官员告诉我的那样，这是一种认识，“中国政府气急败坏、情绪失控了”。

Statement from the Press Secretary on China’s Political Correctness

President Donald J. Trump ran against political correctness in the United States. He will stand up for Americans resisting efforts by the Chinese Communist Party to impose Chinese political correctness on American companies and citizens.

On April 25, the Chinese Civil Aviation Administration sent a letter to 36 foreign air carriers, including a number of American carriers. This notice demanded that carriers change how “Taiwan,” “Hong Kong,” and “Macao” are identified on their websites and in their promotional material so that the references fall in line with the Communist Party’s standards.

This is Orwellian nonsense and part of a growing trend by the Chinese Communist Party to impose its political views on American citizens and private companies.  China’s internal Internet repression is world-famous.  China’s efforts to export its censorship and political correctness to Americans and the rest of the free world will be resisted.

The United States respects the broad freedom private companies have in their interactions with their customers, both in the United States and abroad. This respect is essential for a robust global marketplace.

The United States strongly objects to China’s attempts to compel private firms to use specific language of a political nature in their publicly available content.

We call on China to stop threatening and coercing American carriers and citizens.

White House Press Secretary, May 5, 2018

中国民航局严正警告：

     澳洲航空必须这么做！否则将全面封锁澳洲网站！ 

                      2018-5-4 00:00| 发布者: admin|

中澳关系最近有些紧张大家都知道，只是没有想到在这样的关头澳洲部分航空公司竟然带头“搞事情！”

全然不顾中方的态度，贸然将台湾列成了独立国家！而且将香港特别行政区单独列出，而不是在中国其他城市的类别之中！

这是对中国的一种挑衅，为此，中国民用航空管理局( Civil Aviation Administration )直接向澳洲几家航空公司发信，态度强硬的要求其删除任何表明台湾、香港和澳门与中国大陆属于不同国家的公共信息。

信中强调，如果澳洲航空公司一意孤行，将会全面封杀其在中国的官方网站和各种信息！

澳航的发言人表示信件属实，也会做出相应的调整，但是信件是4月份发送，现在已经进入了5月，这个调整还没有落实。

同样的信件中国民航管理局同样向美国航空公司( American Airlines )和联合航空公司( United )发送过。

封闭官网并非说说而已，据调查显示，2018年1月万豪国际的官网曾经被中国官方封禁，服务器被关闭一周。

因为它在给顾客的调查问卷里将台湾，香港，澳门，西藏都列为了独立国家。

这是对中国领土主权完整的一种蔑视！