For a jet engine, the most important factor is the high-temperature tolerance of the turbine blades, as the output power is directly related to it. If the blades can't withstand the temperature, they will become distorted or burned. High-quality steel alloy can produce the Kaveri engine, which has a maximum power of 71 kN. However, this was not enough for the Tejas, so India used the GE404, with a power of 81 kN. Even this was insufficient, rendering the Tejas unmarketable and essentially useless. The GE404 likely uses nickel alloy to withstand higher temperatures. The GE414 uses nickel-base single-crystal turbine blades, which can withstand higher temperatures due to their ability to resist pull strength evenly in all directions. The GE414 has an output power of 91 kN, with minor improvements over its predecessor.

The next generation of turbine blades is made from ceramic materials, which are necessary for engines with outputs above 150 kN. In ceramic engines, an important factor is the coating used. Today, the US is still number one in this technology, but China is the second, surpassing Russia. China has mastered the production of ceramic turbine blades with special coatings, enabling the WS-15 engine to achieve 180 kN. The US only sells the GE414 to India, which is generations behind the best US and Chinese military engines. If India's goal is to counter China, the GE414 will be completely ineffective.

France, despite being a leader in ceramic engine materials, got the original design wrong. France excels in medium-sized engines like the one used in the Rafale, with the M88's maximum power being about 70 kN. The same applies to Rolls-Royce, which means France and Rolls-Royce cannot produce 5th-generation fighters. India, with the GE414, is in a similar situation. It is predictable that India will not develop a 5th-generation fighter within the next 40 to 50 years. By that time, the world will be in the era of 7th-generation fighters, so India will never catch up.