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ARINC 653
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ARINC 653

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ARINC 653 (Avionics Application Standard Software Interface) is a software specification for space and time partitioning in safety-critical avionics real-time operating systems (RTOS). It allows the hosting of multiple applications of different software levels on the same hardware in the context of an Integrated Modular Avionics architecture.[1]

It is part of ARINC 600-Series Standards for Digital Aircraft & Flight Simulators.


Contents

  [hide


Overview[edit]

In order to decouple the real-time operating system platform from the application software, ARINC 653 defines an API called APplication EXecutive (APEX).

Each application software is called a partition and has its own memory space. It also has a dedicated time slot allocated by the APEX API. Within each partitionmultitasking is allowed. The APEX API provides services to manage partitions, processes and timing, as well as partition/process communication and error handling. The partitioning environment can be implemented by using a hypervisor[2] to map partitions to virtual machines, but this is not required.

The current work of the AEEC APEX Subcommittee includes the enhancement of ARINC 653 for multicore processor architectures.[3]

History[edit]

Initial version[edit]

The initial version of ARINC 653 was published on October 10, 1996.

ARINC 653-1[edit]

Supplement 1 was published on January 1997 and introduced the concepts of APEX and Time and Space partitioning.

ARINC 653-2[edit]

Supplement 2 was published in 3 parts between March 2006 and January 2007:[4]

  • Part 1 (mandatory services): ARINC 653 partition management, Cold start and warm start definition, Application software error handling, ARINC 653 compliance, Ada and C language bindings;

  • Part 2 (optional services): File system access, Data logging, Service Access points, ...

  • Part 3 (Conformity Test Specification);

Current Organization of Standard[edit]

  • Part 0 - Introduction to ARINC 653 (currently at revision 1, released June 2013)[5]

  • Part 1 - Required Services (currently at revision 4, released August 2015)[6]

  • Part 2 - Extended Services (currently at revision 3, released August 2015)[7]

  • Part 3 - Conformity Test Specification (currently at revision 1, released 16 Oct 2006)[8]

  • Part 4 - Subset Services (currently at revision 1, released June 2012)[9]

  • Part 5 - Core Software Recommended Capabilities (currently at revision 1, released December 2014)[10]

Basic principles of partitioning[edit]

ARINC 653 Platform[edit]

An ARINC 653 platform contains:

  • A hardware platform allowing real-time computing deterministic services.

  • An abstraction layer managing the timer and space partitioning constraints of the platform (memoryCPUInput/output).

  • An implementation for the ARINC 653 services (the APEX API).

  • An interface to be able to configure the platform and its domain of use.

  • Various instrumentation tools.

Initialization[edit]

Initialization of an ARINC 653 partition creates resources used by the partition. Resources creation (PROCESS, EVENT, SEMAPHORE...) is performed by calling API services named CREATE_xxxx.

Error handling[edit]

The process error handler is a preemptive process of the highest priority dedicated to handle partition exceptions. It is created by the service CREATE_ERROR_HANDLER during partition initialization.

The API allows the error handler to stop a faulty process (STOP_SELF). In that case, the RTOS scheduler will elicit the next process with the highest priority.

ARINC 653 does not specify how the scheduler should behave if the error handler does not stop a faulty process. In some (theoretical) cases, this could lead to an infinite loop between the faulty process and the error handler.

The error handler can obtain information about the source and the context of the exception.

Mode management[edit]

Each partition can be in several activation modes:

  • COLD_START and WARM_START: Only the initialization process is executed,

  • NORMAL: The initialization process is stopped, and the other partition processes are called by the RTOS scheduler depending on their priority,

  • IDLE: No process is executed. However an implementation could still in theory execute a hidden process of the lowest priority, for example to start an infinite loop.

The SET_PARTITION_MODE service allows to manage these states. It can be called by any process in the partition. Entering the IDLE state is irreversible for the partition. Only an external event (such as a platform restart) can change the state to another mode when the partition is in this state.

The processes of a partition[edit]

Each partition has at least one process.

Process scheduling is preemptive. The scheduler is called either by a timer or by API services.

API services[edit]

The ARINC 653 APEX services are API calls belonging in six categories:

  • Partition management

  • Process management

  • Time management

  • Inter-partition communication

  • Intra-partition communication

  • Error handling

No ARINC 653 services are provided for the memory management of partitions. Each partition has to handle its own memory (still under the constraints of memory partitioning enforced by ARINC 653).

Each service returns a RETURN_CODE value which indicates if the call has been successful:

  • NO_ERROR: the service performed nominally after a valid request

  • NO_ACTION: the state of the system has not changed after executing the service

  • NOT_AVAILABLE: the service is temporarily unavailable

  • INVALID_PARAM: at least one of the service's parameters is invalid

  • INVALID_CONFIG: at least one of the service's parameters is incompatible with the current configuration of the system

  • INVALID_MODE: the service is incompatible with the current mode of the system

  • TIMED_OUT: the delay for the execution of the service has expired

Links to POSIX and ASAAC[edit]

The field covered by ARINC 653 is similar to ASAAC Def Stan 00-74. However, there are differences between the two standards.[11]

Some ARINC 653 (APEX) calls have a POSIX equivalent, but are different from how they are defined in POSIX.[11]

For example, the following call defined in ASAAC:

 receiveBuffer

would be translated in ARINC 653 by:

 RECEIVE_BUFFER()

and also in POSIX by:

 recv()

References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ "ARINC 653 - An Avionics Standard for Safe, Partitioned Systems" (PDF)Wind River Systems / IEEE Seminar. August 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-07. Retrieved 2009-05-30.

  2. Jump up^ VanderLeest, S. H. (2010-10-01). "ARINC 653 hypervisor"29th Digital Avionics Systems Conference: 5.E.2–1–5.E.2–20. doi:10.1109/DASC.2010.5655298.

  3. Jump up^ "APEX Subcommittee". AEEC. August 2008. Retrieved 2013-10-20.

  4. Jump up^ "Product Focus: ARINC 653 and RTOS". aviationtoday.com. 2004-07-01. Retrieved 2009-05-30.

  5. Jump up^ "Avionics Application Software Standard Interface: ARINC Specification 653 Part 0". Aeronautical Radio, Inc. June 2013.

  6. Jump up^ "Avionics Application Software Standard Interface: ARINC Specification 653P1-3, Required Services". Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2010-11-15. Retrieved 2013-10-20.

  7. Jump up^ "Avionics Application Software Standard Interface: ARINC Specification 653P2-2, Part 2, Extended Services". Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2012-10-20.

  8. Jump up^ "Avionics Application Software Standard Interface: ARINC Specification 653P3, Conformity Test Specification". Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2006-10-20.

  9. Jump up^ "Avionics Application Software Standard Interface: ARINC Specification 653 Part 4, Subset Services". Aeronautical Radio, Inc. 2012-06-01. Retrieved 2013-10-20.

  10. Jump up^ "ARINC Store". ARINC IA. 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2015-04-23.

  11. Jump up to:a b "Flexibility and Manageability of IMS Projects" (PDF)University of York. Retrieved 2008-07-27.


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一周回复热帖
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6 濠电姷鏁搁崑鐐哄垂閸洖绠伴柟闂寸閻ゎ噣鏌嶉崫鍕殶闁告宀稿娲垂椤曞懎鍓冲銈傛櫆閻擄繝骞冨Δ鍛櫜閹煎瓨绻勯惄搴g磽閸屾氨小缂佽埖宀稿璇测槈閵忕姷顔掗悗瑙勬礀濞茬娀寮稿畝鈧槐鎾存媴娴犲鎽电紓浣筋嚙閸熸壆鍒掑▎鎰窞闁规澘鐏氶弲锝夋⒑缂佹ê濮囨い鏇ㄥ弮閵嗗懘顢楅埀顒勫煘閹达富鏁嬮柛鈩冪懅钃遍梻浣告惈閻瑩宕ㄩ鍛稐婵犵數鍋為崹顖炲垂閸︻厸鍋撳顒夋Ч濞e洤锕俊鍫曞川椤撶喐顔嶉柣搴ゎ潐濞叉牠濡堕幖浣歌摕婵炴垯鍨瑰敮闂侀潧顦介崹閬嶃€傞懖鈺冪=濞达綀顫夐埛鎰版煙閸涘﹤鈻曟鐐叉瀹曟帡鎮欑€涙ɑ顏熼梻浣芥硶閸o箓骞忛敓锟� eastwest
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8 闂傚倸鍊烽懗鍓佸垝椤栫偑鈧啯寰勯幇鍓佺◤婵犮垼娉涢オ鐢告嚀閸ф鐓涢柛銉e劚閻忊晠鏌i妶鍥т壕闁靛洤瀚板顒勫垂椤旇瀵栭柣搴ゎ潐濞叉﹢宕濆▎鎾宠摕闁挎繂顦粻鎶芥煛閸モ晛鏋旈柕鍡樺姇椤啴濡堕崱妯虹)濠电偛鎷戠紞浣割嚕椤愶富鏁嬮柍褜鍓欓悾宄邦潨閳ь剟銆佸Ο娆炬Ъ闂佹椿鍘介〃濠囧蓟閿濆棙鍎熼柨婵嗘濮e嫬顪冮妶鍐ㄧ仼闁挎洩绠撻獮鎴﹀閻欌偓濞笺劑鏌嶈閸撴瑩鎮鹃悜鑺ユ櫜濠㈣泛顑嗗▍婊堟⒑閸撴彃浜濈紒璇插婵″爼鍩¢崨顔规嫼闂佸憡绋戦敃锔剧不閹寸姷纾奸柍褜鍓氶幏鍛存倻濮楀棗浠烘繝鐢靛仦閸垶宕归崷顓犵<闁冲搫鎳忛悡銉╂煟閺囩偛鈧湱鈧熬鎷� eastwest
9 濠电姷鏁搁崑鐐哄垂閸洖绠插ù锝呭濞存牠鏌曟繛褍鍟悘濠囨⒑閸撴彃浜為柛鐘虫崌閸┿垽寮撮姀锛勫幈濡炪倖鍔楁慨鎾礉濮橆優鐟扳堪閸曨厾鐣甸梺瀹犳椤﹂潧顕i鍌涘磯闁靛ǹ鍎洪弳顐d繆閻愵亜鈧囨⒔閸曨厸鍋撶粭娑樻噽閻鈧箍鍎遍ˇ顖涘閻樼粯鐓曢柡鍥ュ妼婢ф煡鏌涘鐓庝簼濞e洤锕俊鍫曞炊椤喓鍨介弻娑欑節閸ヨ埖顥栧┑鈥冲级閸旀洟鍩ユ径鎰潊闁绘ǹ灏欒ぐ澶愭⒒娴h姤纭堕柛锝忕畵楠炲繘鏁撻敓锟� 闂傚倸鍊风粈渚€骞夐敓鐘偓鍐幢濡炶櫣绱板┑鐐叉閸ㄥ爼顢曟禒瀣厪闊浄绲剧欢姘舵煟閹烘埊韬柡宀€鍠愬ḿ蹇涘箚瑜滃ú顓㈡倵鐟欏嫭绌块柟鍑ゆ嫹 eastwest
10 [濠电姷鏁搁崑鐐哄垂閸洖绠归柍鍝勬噹閸屻劑鏌i幘宕囩槏闁荤喐瀚堥弮鈧幏鍛瑹椤栨盯鏁滈梻鍌欑閹诧紕鎹㈤崒婧惧亾濮樸儱濡界紒鍌氱Ч閺佹劙宕堕埡鍐跨闯闂備礁澹婇崑渚€宕硅ぐ鎺戝嚑鐎广儱娲ㄧ壕鍏间繆閻愰潧甯堕柣蹇氬皺閳ь剝顫夊ú鈺冩崲濠靛棛鏆﹂柛顐f礀鎯熼梺鎸庢⒒閺咁偊寮冲鑸碘拻濞达絿鍎ら崵鈧梺鍦拡閸嬪﹪骞冭楠炲洭鎮ч崼婵嗗闂備線娼ч¨鈧┑鈥虫喘閸┿垽寮埀顒勫Φ閸曨垰绠婚悹楦挎〃缁墎绱撴担鐤厡閻庣鎷� 闂傚倸鍊风粈渚€骞夐敓鐘偓鍐幢濡ゅ﹦鍞靛┑鈽嗗灠閻ㄧ兘宕戦幘缁樺剬闁告稑锕ら锟� eastwest
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