去看一看Peter Gay 所写的 The cultivation of hatred ，或许对你有所启发。
From Publishers Weekly
In the Victorian age, bourgeois husbands beat their wives even during pregnancy,
 and raped or sodomized them, maintains Yale historian Gay. People in the
19th century, he argues, were virtually unanimous in viewing the human animal
as innately aggressive, greedy, combative and wicked. The third volume in
Gay's study "The Bourgeois Experience" (following The Education of the Senses
and The Tender Passion ), this engaging, hugely rewarding survey uses Freudian
insights to illuminate the dark, irrational side of 19th-century culture,
which in Gay's view underpinned the modern breakdown of civilized constraints
on aggression. He shows how Victorian "alibis" for aggression, formulated
as religious, political or scientific beliefs, were used to legitimate the
activities of colonialists, eugenicists, racists and extreme nationalists.
He explores humor as a vehicle for aggression in the writings of Lewis Carroll,
 Heine, Flaubert and Freud, and he analyzes "the interplay of aggression
and libido" as demagogues won mass followings and the middle class asserted
its democratic rights. Laced with sharp profiles of George Sand, Bismarck,
Sade, Zola, Nietzsche and many others, this study is rich in observations
on the struggle for women's rights, the roots of suicide, sports, capital
punishment, prison conditions and much else.