现在有人在以各种方式拼命鼓吹西式宪政民主,不久前,有一篇《南方周末》的热烈歌颂西式宪政民主的文章广为流传。拿来看了一下,感觉作者非常"诚实",很"坦然" 地把西式宪政民主的本质给揭示出来了。现在摘取其中最精彩的一段文字与大家分享—— “……制宪代表们幻想:有一个人,像华盛顿那样,不用自我报名,也不用推荐,凭着战功、声望和人格,静待选民把选票堆到他身上。可是,美国历史上只出现了一个华盛顿,两次全票当选。此后, 再也没有一个人获得如此殊荣。
杰斐逊打破了这个格局。他的表现说明:需 要有人出来竞选总统,为此,要拉帮结派,组织政党,要自我夸耀,诋毁对方。政治斗争,尤其是权力争夺,不可能那么温良恭俭让,要请客吃饭,要做文章。要宣 传,不惜虚张声势,要诋毁,不惜歪曲事实。被动的总统选举,从此变为主动的总统竞选。而总统竞选,充满人间烟火味儿。……”(美国宪政史话《南方周末》第28期 ) ——大家看清楚了没有?要搞西式宪政民主,就必须 “虚张声势,要诋毁,不惜歪曲事实”,也就是说,搞西式宪政民主,就必须大肆(花钱竞选和占领媒体) 制造和传播虚假信息,造谣诋毁,不惜歪曲事实,大搞欺骗 (直到胜出,然后用更大的选出来维护前面的造假)。 问题是,竟争执政权的政客和他们的团队大肆制造和传播虚假信息,造谣诋毁,歪曲事实,是要欺骗谁呢?西式宪政民主下的大选的参与者只有两方——竟争执政权的政客和全体选民。是用来骗竟争对手吗?——不论你怎么骗,你的竟争对手都绝对不会把选票投给你。所以,这些虚假信息肯定不是用来欺骗竟争对手的,只能是用来欺骗全体选民的。 《南方周末》这篇"雄文",一下子就把以前给西式宪政民主美丽的包装给撕掉了,把西式宪政民主的本质彻底暴露给读者了——要搞西方竟争式的宪政民主, 就必须“自我夸耀,要请客吃饭,要做文章。要宣传,不惜虚张声势,要诋毁,不惜歪曲事实”来欺骗全体人民,骗术越高越好,谁能把多数人民骗倒,谁就能得到 执政权。 有人可能会满不在乎地说,人民的眼睛是雪亮的,虽然政客们要欺骗人民,但人民不可能被骗倒!
人民真的不可能被骗倒吗?大家也知道,在西方宪政民主国家中,对于商业欺诈行为的惩处是非常重的,一个商业欺诈官司就能让行骗者倾家荡产,家破人亡,甚至有终身的牢狱之灾!法律之所以严惩行骗者,就是因为人民的辩别能力不高,很容易被专业的骗子骗倒,损失惨重,所以要用严刑峻法来威慑不法分子。 但让人百思不得其解的是,西方宪政民主国家,却没有任何一部法律来惩处在大选中对广大人民的政治欺骗行为,奇怪不奇怪?难道说在商业活动中弱智的人民,到了政治活动中,个个都变得明智无比了?从常识来说,这是绝对不可能的,大家请看《美国宪法原理》中的这段话—— It is a just observation, that the people commonly INTEND the PUBLIC GOOD. This often applies to their very errors. But their good sense would despise the adulator who should pretend that they always REASON RIGHT about the MEANS of promoting it. They know from experience that they sometimes err; and the wonder is that they so seldom err as they do, beset, as they continually are, by the wiles of parasites and sycophants, by the snares of the ambitious, the avaricious, the desperate, by the artifices of men who possess their confidence more than they deserve it, and of those who seek to possess rather than to deserve it. (The Federalist Papers No. 71) “人民普遍地是从公益出发的。但这一点常亦用来说明人民群众的错误。但是,人民群众从常识出发是会蔑视阿谀奉承的人的,这些人胡说人民群众无时不能正 确找出促进公益的手段。人民群众从自己的经验知道他们自己有时候是会犯错误的;人民群众终日受那些寄生虫和马屁精的欺骗,野心家、贪污犯、亡命徒的坑害, 受那些不值得信任却为人所信任的人,以及不应得而巧取豪夺的人的耍弄,他们经常受到这样一些干扰,却并不常犯错误,勿宁说是个美妙的神话。”(《美国宪法 原理》第七十一篇) 这段话非常诚实地告诉我们,人民在政客们精心编排的谎言的狂轰滥炸之下,不犯错误 “勿宁说倒是个美妙的神话”!可见,在商业活动中并不高明的人民群众,在政治活动中一样经不起政客的欺骗。 既然人民参与政治活动时也不比在商业活动中更明智,那为什么西方宪政民主国家宁愿用严刑峻法来制止商业活动中的欺骗,却不肯制定任何一部法来来惩罚政 客们在政治活动中对人民的政治欺骗呢?难道说政治欺骗没有多大的危害性吗?商业欺骗,是什对人民中的个体,而政治欺骗,骗的是全体人民。看来,在西式宪政 民主体制下,真的是窃钩者诛,窃国者侯!奇怪吗?——一点也不奇怪,正如这篇文章说的,造假和欺骗本身就是西式宪政民主的生命,没有了造假和欺骗,西式宪政民主就玩不下去了,就要死亡了。 在中国大陆现在也有一批人极力鼓吹西式宪政民主,这些人到是什么样的人呢?其实《美国宪法原理》已经把这些人的老底给揭穿了,就是那些能够从西式宪政民主中捞到好处的人,他们就是——
parasites(寄生虫)、 sycophants(马屁精)、 ambitious(野心家)、 avaricious(贪污犯)、 desperate(亡命徒)、 men who possess their confidence more than they deserve it(虚伪者)、those who seek to possess rather than to deserve it(流氓强盗)。
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AFTER an unequivocal experience of the inefficiency of the subsistingfederal government, you are called upon to deliberate on a newConstitution for the United States of America. The subject speaksits own importance; comprehending in its consequences nothingless than the existence of the UNION, the safety and welfare ofthe parts of which it is composed, the fate of an empire in manyrespects the most interesting in the world.
It has been frequentlyremarked that it seems to have been reserved to the people ofthis country, by their conduct and example, to decide the importantquestion, whether societies of men are really capable or not ofestablishing good government from reflection and choice, or whetherthey are forever destined to depend for their political constitutionson accident and force. If there be any truth in the remark, thecrisis at which we are arrived may with propriety be regardedas the era in which that decision is to be made; and a wrong electionof the part we shall act may, in this view, deserve to be consideredas the general misfortune of mankind.
This idea will add the inducements of philanthropy to those ofpatriotism, to heighten the solicitude which all considerate andgood men must feel for the event. Happy will it be if our choiceshould be directed by a judicious estimate of our true interests,unperplexed and unbiased by considerations not connected withthe public good. But this is a thing more ardently to be wishedthan seriously to be expected. The plan offered to our deliberationsaffects too many particular interests, innovates upon too manylocal institutions, not to involve in its discussion a varietyof objects foreign to its merits, and of views, passions and prejudiceslittle favorable to the discovery of truth. . .. ...
The Importance of the Union (1-14) Defects of the Articles of Confederation (15-22) Arguments for the Type of Government Contained in the Constitution (23-36) The Republican Form of Government (37-51) The Legislative Branch (52-66) The Executive Branch (67-77) The Judicial Branch (78-83) Conclusions and Miscellaneous Ideas |