DYS456 DYS389 DYS390 DYS389II DYS458 DYS19 DYS385a DYS385b DYS393 DYS391 DYS439 DYS635 DYS392 YGATA H4 DYS437 DYS438 DYS448

现在一些中国人，为了把成吉思汗吹成中国人，已经到了令人发指的地步。一开始在教科书上吹，闹成了国际笑柄。后来又弄出了所谓“蒙古人起源于中国”的可笑谬论。而最近网络上出现了一段视频，内容居然是上海复旦大学生命科学学院教授李辉通过基因检测断定成吉思汗是的父系是汉人，而且还号称在国际上发表了相关论文。然后笔者就用英文搜索李辉对外发表的这篇论文，于是有趣的东西出现了。

　　以下就是上海复旦大学生命科学学院教授王传超和李辉在国际上对外发表的论文中提及成吉思汗的部分：

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　　Inferring human history in East Asia from Y chromosomes
　　Chuan-Chao Wang and Hui Li*

　　Haplogroup O-M175 is the largest haplogroup in East Asia, comprising roughly 75% of the Chinese and more than half of the Japanese population and, therefore, is associated with the major Neolithic migrants (Figure 1). O-M175 gave rise to three downstream haplogroups - O1a-M119, O2-M268 and O3-M122 - totaling 60% of the Y chromosomes among East Asian populations [17,18]. Haplogroup O1a-M119 is preva1ent along the southeast coast of China, occurring at high frequencies in Daic speaking people and Taiwan aborigines [19]. O2-M268 accounts for about 5% of the Han Chinese [17]. O2a1-M95 is the most frequent subclade of O2, which is the major haplogroup in the Indo-China Peninsula, and is also found in many populations located in southern China and eastern India (such as Munda) [19,20]. Another subclade of O2, O2b-M176, is most frequent among Koreans and Japanese, and also occurs at very marginal frequencies in Vietnamese and Han Chinese [21,22]. O3-M122 is the most common haplogroup in China and is preva1ent throughout East and Southeast Asia, comprising roughly 50 to 60% of the Han Chinese. O3a1c-002611, O3a2c1-M134 and O3a2c1a-M117 are the three main subclades of O3, each accounting for 12 to 17% of the Han Chinese. O3a2c1a-M117 also exhibits high frequencies in Tibeto-Burman populations. Another subclade, O3a2b-M7, reaches the highest frequency in Hmong-Mien and Mon-Khmer speaking populations, but accounts for less than 5% of Han Chinese [17,18].

　　Y chromosomes of eminent persons in history

　　Population expansion can also be associated with specific social prestige, for example, the increased reproductive fitness as in Genghis Khan’s case. Genghis Khan (1162 to 1227) established the largest contiguous empire in history. He and his patrilineal relatives had numerous offspring due to their high social status, which led to the increase in frequency of their Y lineage. As a result, his Y chromosome (C3*xC3c, star-cluster) is widespread from the Pacific to the Caspian Sea and makes up an estimated 0.5% of the world’s male population today [56]. Interestingly, the Kereys tribe in Kazakhstan reaches the highest frequency (76.5%) of the C3* star-cluster Y-chromosomes [57]. It is unlikely that C3* star-cluster in Kereys was attributed to Genghis Khan, doubting the origin of C3* in Genghis Khan’s family. Nonetheless, social selection plays an important role in the expansion of this C3* star-cluster. Similarly, Y chromosome haplogroup C3c-M48 was suggested to be spread by the Qing Dynasty (1644 to 1912) Manchurian nobility, comprising about 3.3% of the males sampled from East Asia [58].

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　　由复旦大学生命科学学院教授在国外发表的英文版论文可知，文中论述得清清楚楚，成吉思汗是c3基因，而汉人是o基因，尽管这些专家在国内意淫说成吉思汗父系是汉人，但跑到国际上为了不丢人，还是得老老实实尊重事实。
　　下图也是这篇论文中的插图，在亚洲部分，c3基因分部最密集的地区在蒙古东部和西伯利亚，其次是哈萨克斯坦、满洲和日本北部，满洲贵族中也存在此基因。而汉人的o基因，分布最密集的是中国南边沿海以及越南的土著，汉人与东南亚土著是亲戚。

　　最先c系基因在是巴基斯坦和印度一带形成，c5留在印度，接着c系家族继续东移然后在缅甸一带分家，分成c1，c2，c3，c4。
　　c3跑到西伯利亚和阿拉斯加去当通古斯，c2、c4跑到澳大利亚去当食人吐著，c1跑到日本去当阿伊努人，换句话说蒙古大仙的基因跟黑鬼是同种。

　　澳大利亚食人族基因c有65.74%，接下来也是同为食人族黑爷的波利尼西亚人占40.52%，满人占44%，接下来音乐响起，当当当，我们曾经征服过宇宙、打败过火星人、威震宇宙的蒙古人，基因c占52.17%。
　　接下来是基因c的图表分布，频率最高的是宇宙第一蒙古人，接下来是西伯利亚的通古斯原住民人，接下来是澳大利亚大洋洲的食人族原住民，紧接着是希腊语中黑人之岛，美拉尼西亚。呵呵，悲剧了，谈到蒙古人的基因经常和黑人和食人族有关。

　　DNA验证表明：现代汉族就是5000年前古代中原人的父系直系后代。汉族人的基因构成表明汉族其实是一个血统非常单一纯粹的民族，足以证明当代御用文人所谓汉族源自民族融合的理论是错误的。

　　2007年5月，刊登在美国权威学术杂志《human genetic》上的一篇文章：《Y chromosomes ofprehistoric people along Yangtze River》，里面有组数据是非常惊人的。对比2004年的《evolution and migration history of chinese population inferredfrom chinese Y-chromosomeevidence》一文的数据，我们可以肯定，今天的中国各地的汉族，从东北到中原、江南，从东南、广东的客家到西北的兰州，其主体基因就与5000年前的古代中原人无异，今天的汉族，就是古代中原人的直系后代，在汉族中父系的O3基因一直占据绝对的主体地位，父系（北方汉族Y染色体）基因纯度高达99%，5000年一直没有变化，即使是母系基因，纯度也高达90%，依然是世界上血统最纯净的民族之一。

　　现代蒙古人的主体并不是古代匈奴的后代，而现代汉族中，则古代匈奴人的成分基本找不到，N3在汉族基本没有，Q*和汉族Q1完全不同，Q1实际是汉族和其他一些缅藏语居民中独有的小基因类型。

　　对比Keyser-Tracqui C在2003在《american journal of human gentic》上发表的《Nuclear and Mito-chondrial DNA analysis of a 2000-year-old necropolis in the Egyin Gol valley of Mongolia》的mtDNA数据，古代匈奴人母系主体是D，和现代内蒙东部的蒙古人比较类似而和外蒙人khalkh人有差异，同时还有比较高的A和Z，和外蒙西部的图瓦等部族可能有亲缘关系，而古代匈奴人有5%个体为U等白人母系，显示了这个民族血统非常复杂。而汉族常见的B则比例非常少，，对比山东古代汉族mtDNA的数据，说明了古代匈奴人和古代汉族差异非常大，基本无亲缘关系。